The following letter expresses their concern at such measures and their support for the U.S. military’s proud tradition of staying outside of politics. It is addressed to national, state, and local leaders, and has been endorsed by 599 former officials from the diplomatic, military, and other services, as listed below. The letter follows below in alpha order of last names of former Ambassadors, Military Generals, and other former US senior officials:
The Strength of America’s Apolitical Military
The United States is passing through a period unlike any our country has experienced before. Our
population, our society, and our economy have been devastated by the pandemic and the resulting
depression-level unemployment. We deplore the brutal killing of George Floyd by police officers in
Minneapolis which has provoked more widespread protests than the United States has seen in decades.
As former American ambassadors, generals and admirals, and senior federal officials, we are alarmed by
calls from the President and some political leaders for the use of U.S. military personnel to end
legitimate protests in cities and towns across America.
Many of us served across the globe, including in war zones, diplomats and military officers working side
by side to advance American interests and values. We called out violations of human rights and the
authoritarian regimes that deployed their military against their own citizens.
Our values define us as a
nation and as a global leader.
The professionalism and political neutrality of the U.S. military have been examples for people around
the world who aspire to greater freedom and democracy in their own societies. They are among our
nation’s greatest assets in protecting Americans and asserting American interests across the globe.
Cities and neighborhoods in which Americans are assembling peacefully, speaking freely, and seeking
redress of their grievances are not “battlespaces.” Federal, state, and local officials must never seek to
“dominate” those exercising their First Amendment rights. Rather they have a responsibility to ensure
that peaceful protest can take place safely as well as to protect those taking part. We condemn all
criminal acts against persons and property, but cannot agree that responding to these acts is beyond the
capabilities of local and state authorities.
Our military is composed of and represents all of America.
Misuse of the military for political purposes
would weaken the fabric of our democracy, denigrate those who serve in uniform to protect and defend
the Constitution, and undermine our nation’s strength abroad. There is no role for the U.S. military in
dealing with American citizens exercising their constitutional right to free speech, however
uncomfortable that speech may be for some.
We are concerned about the use of U.S. military assets to intimidate and break up peaceful protestors in
Washington, D.C. Using the rotor wash of helicopters flying at low altitude to disperse protestors is
reckless and unnecessary. The stationing of D.C. Air National Guard troops in full battle armor on the
steps of the Lincoln Memorial is inflammatory and risks sullying the reputation of our men and women
in uniform in the eyes of their fellow
Americans and of the world.
Declaring peaceful protestors “thugs” and “terrorists” and falsely seeking to divide Americans into those
who support “law and order” and those who do not will not end the demonstrations. The deployment of
military forces against American citizens exercising their constitutional rights will not heal the divides in
our society.
We urge the President and state and local governments to focus their efforts on uniting the country and
supporting reforms to ensure equal police treatment of all citizens, regardless of race or ethnicity.
Ultimately, the issues that have driven the protests cannot be addressed by our military. They must be
resolved through political processes.
A
Anne H. Aarnes Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Gina Abercrombie-Winstanley Ambassador (ret) Edward Abington Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jonathan S. Addleton Ambassador, USAID (ret) Terry Adirim Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense James A. Adkins MG, US Army (ret) Cynthia H. Akuetteh Ambassador (ret) Karl P. Albrecht Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Leslie Alexander Ambassador (ret) Javed Ali Former Senior Director, National Security Council Craig Allen Ambassador (ret) Jay Anania Ambassador (ret) Claudia E. Anyaso Senior Foreign Service (ret) Ricardo Aponte Brigadier General, USAF (ret) Richard H. Appleton Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Hilda Arellano Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Raymond Arnaudo Senior State Department Official (ret) Kirk Augustine Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Liliana Ayalde Ambassador (ret) Alyssa Ayres Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Daniel
B
Baer Ambassador (ret) Gary G. Bagley Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jess L. Baily Ambassador (ret) Tom Baltazar Senior Executive Service, USAID (ret) Robert C. Barber Ambassador (ret) Donna Barbisch Major General, USA (ret) Denise Campbell Bauer Ambassador (ret) James A. Beaver Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Frederick Becker Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Robert Mason Beecroft Ambassador (ret) Rand Beers Former Deputy Assistant to the President Colleen Bell Ambassador (ret) William Bellamy Ambassador (ret) Daniel Benjamin Ambassador (ret) Eric D Benjaminson Ambassador (ret) John E. Bennett United States Ambassador (ret) Virginia L. Bennett Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jenna Ben-Yehuda Former Senior Military Advisor, Department of State Rob Berschinski Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State James Bever Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John Beyrle Ambassador (ret) J.D. Bindenagel Ambassador (ret) Jack R. Binns Ambassador (ret) James Keogh Bishop Ambassador (ret) Rebecca Black Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Stephen J. Blake Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Ronald R. Blanck Lieutenant General (ret) Beryl Blecher Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Peter W. Bodde Ambassador (ret) Barbara Bodine Ambassador (ret) Michael A. Boorstein Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Michele Thoren Bond Ambassador (ret) Eric J. Boswell Ambassador (ret) Paul L. Boyd Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Spencer P. Boyer Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Aurelia E. Brazeal Ambassador (ret) Pamela Bridgewater Ambassador (ret) Ken Brill Ambassador (ret) Carol Moseley Braun Ambassador (ret) Philip J. Breeden, Jr. Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Peter S. Bridges Ambassador (ret) Dolores Marie Brown Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Gordon S. Brown Ambassador (ret) Sue K. Brown Ambassador (ret) Steven A. Browning Ambassador (ret) Lee Anthony Brudvig Senior Foreign Service (ret) Judith L. Bryan Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Todd Buchwald Ambassador (ret) Craig Buck Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) David P. Burford Major General, USA (ret) Sandy M. Burkholder Senior Foreign Service (ret) Peter Burleigh Ambassador (ret) Nicholas Burns Ambassador (ret) William J. Burns Ambassador (ret) Former Deputy Secretary of State Prudence Bushnell Ambassador (ret) Patricia A. Butenis Ambassador (ret) Michael A. Butler Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret)
C
Anne Callaghan Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Robert J. Callahan Ambassador (ret) Beatrice Camp Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Donald M. Campbell, Jr. Lieutenant General, US Army (ret) Piper A. W. Campbell Ambassador (ret) Glenn L. Carle Former Deputy National Intelligence Officer, CIA Lisa M. Carle Senior Foreign Service (ret) George Carner Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) James Carouso Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Steven A. Cash Former Intelligence Officer, CIA Ronnie S. Catipon Senior Foreign Service Special Agent (ret) John Caulfied Senior Foreign Service Officer, (ret) Carey Cavanaugh Ambassador (ret) Judith B. Cefkin Ambassador (ret) Robert F. Cekuta Ambassador (ret) Jeffrey R Cellars Senior Foreign Service (ret) Wendy J. Chamberlin Ambassador (ret) Peter R Chaveas Ambassador (ret) Karen L. Christensen Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Gene Christy Ambassador (ret) David A. Cohen Senior Foreign Service, USAID (ret) Herman J. Cohen Ambassador (ret) Maryruth Coleman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Maura Connelly Ambassador (ret) Elinor Constable Ambassador (ret) Ellen M. Conway Senior Foreign Service (ret) Frances D. Cook Ambassador (ret) Frederick B. Cook Ambassador ret) Suzan Johnson Cook Ambassador (ret) Thomas Countryman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Cindy Courville Ambassador (ret) Ertharin Cousin Ambassador (ret) Philip E. Coyle III Former Associate Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy, White House Gene A. Cretz Ambassador (ret) Daniel Thomas Crocker Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Christopher D. Crowley Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret)
D
James Dandridge II Senior Foreign Service (ret) John J. Danilovich Ambassador (ret) Glyn T. Davies Ambassador (ret) John W Davison Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Luis C. deBaca Ambassador (ret) Kimberley J. DeBlauw Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Carleene Dei Senior Foreign Service (ret) Jeffrey DeLaurentis Ambassador (ret) Greg Delawie Ambassador (ret) Christopher W. Dell Ambassador (ret) Anne E. Derse Ambassador (ret) Joseph M. DeThomas Ambassador (ret) Richard T. Devereaux Major General, USAF (ret) James Dickmeyer Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John Dickson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Elizabeth L. Dibble Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Dirk Willem Dijkerman Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Anne Chermak Dillen Senior Foreign Service (ret) Robert S. Dillon Ambassador (ret) John Dinger Ambassador (ret) Kathleen A. Doherty Ambassador (ret) Shaun Donnelly Ambassador (ret) John Douglass Brigadier General, USAF (ret) Former Assistant Secretary of the Navy Mary Draper Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Audrey B. Dumentat Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret.) David Dunford Ambassador (ret) Polly Dunford Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Morton R Dworken Senior Foreign Service (ret)
E
Renee M. Earle Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Paul D. Eaton Major General, USA (ret) William A. Eaton Ambassador (ret) Alan W Eastham Ambassador (ret) Luigi Einaudi Ambassador (ret) Harriet L. Elam-Thomas Ambassador (ret) Susan M. Elliott Ambassador (ret) Nancy H. Ely-Raphel Ambassador (ret) Larry Emery Senior Executive Service (ret) Ellen Connor Engels Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Tom Engle Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Andrew Erickson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John M. Evans Ambassador (ret) John Ewers Major General, US Marine Corps (ret)
F
Kenneth Fairfax Ambassador (ret) John Feeley Ambassador (ret) Gerald M. Feierstein Ambassador (ret) Lee Feinstein Ambassador (ret) Robert J. Felderman Brigadier General, USA (ret) Dan Feldman Former Special Representative for Afghanistan/Pakistan Jeffrey Feltman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Judith R. Fergin Ambassador (ret) Jose W. Fernandez Former Assistant Secretary of State for Economic, Energy and Business Affairs Susan F. Fine Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jon Finer Former Chief of Staff, Department of State Thomas Fingar Former Assistant Secretary of State Mark Fitzpatrick former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Lauri Fitz-Pegado Former Director General, Foreign Commercial Service Stephen J. Flanagan Former Senior Director, National Security Council Paul Folmsbee Ambassador (ret) Jim Foster Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Stephenie Foster Former Counselor, Office of Global Women’s Issues) Anita Friedt Senior Executive Service (ret) Laurie S. Fulton Ambassador (ret) Julie Furuta-Toy Ambassador (ret)
G
James I. Gadsden Ambassador (ret) Larry Garber Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Janet E. Garvey Ambassador (ret) O.P. Garza Ambassador (ret) Walter E. Gaskin Lieutenant General, USMC (ret) Mary Ellen T. Gilroy Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Mark Gitenstein Ambassador (ret) Robert A. Glacel Brigadier General, US Army (ret) Fred S. Glass Rear Admiral, JAGC, USN (ret) Edward W. Gnehm Ambassador (ret) Robert Goldberg Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Christopher E. Goldthwait Ambassador (ret) Rose Gottemoeller former Undersecretary of State Colleen Graffy Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Gary A. Grappo Ambassador (ret) Thomas P. Gratto Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Gordon Gray Ambassador (ret) Mary A. Gray Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas F. Gray, Jr Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Ronald Greenberg Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Douglas C. Greene Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Kevin P. Green Vice Admiral, USN (ret) Theresa Grencik Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Ken Gross Ambassador (ret) Charles H. Grover Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Michael Guest Ambassador (ret)
H
Nina Hachigian Ambassador (ret) Anne Hall Ambassador (ret) Danny Hall Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Suneta L. Halliburton Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Pamela Hamamoto Ambassador (ret) John R. Hamilton Ambassador (ret) William P. Hammink Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) David Harden Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Robert A. Harding Major General, USA (ret) Keith M. Harper Ambassador (ret) Grant T. Harris former senior director, National Security Council Douglas A. Hartwick Ambassador, (ret) Patricia M. Haslach Ambassador (ret) William J. Haugh Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Patricia M. Hawkins Ambassador (ret) John Heffern Ambassador (ret) Samuel D. Heins Ambassador (ret) Douglas Hengel Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Christopher R. Hill Ambassador (ret) William H. Hill Ambassador (ret) Catherine Hill-Herndon Senior Foreign Service (ret) Joseph Hilliard Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jim E. Hinds Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense John L Hirsch Ambassador (ret) Eric L. Hirschhorn Former Undersecretary of Commerce Richard E. Hoagland Ambassador (ret) Heather Hodges Ambassador (ret) Karl Hoffmann Ambassador (ret) Christopher J. Hoh Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Laura S. H. Holgate Ambassador (ret) J. Anthony Holmes Ambassador (ret) James H. Holmes Ambassador (ret) Jim Hooper Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Samuel M. Hoskinson Former Vice Chairman, National Intelligence Council Thomas C. Hubbard Ambassador (ret) Franklin Huddle Ambassador (ret) Vicki J. Huddleston Ambassador (ret) William J. Hudson Ambassador (ret) Arthur H. Hughes Ambassador (ret) Marie T. Huhtala Ambassador (ret) Thomas N. Hull Ambassador (ret) Cameron R. Hume Ambassador (ret) Ravi R. Huso Ambassador (ret)
I
Dorothy Senger Imwold Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Karl F. Inderfurth Former Assistant Secretary of State for South Asian Affairs Ambassador (ret) David R. Irvine Brigadier General, USA (ret)
J
Susan S. Jacobs Ambassador (ret) Tracey Jacobson Ambassador (ret) Jeanine Jackson Ambassador (ret) Jeffrey A. Jacobs MG, US Army (ret) Morris E. “Bud” Jacobs Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Les Janka Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Bonnie Jenkins Ambassador (ret) Charles J. Jess Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Dennis Jett Ambassador (ret) David T. Johnson Ambassador (ret) Karen E. Johnson Senior Foreign Service (ret) Kathy A. Johnson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Susan R. Johnson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) L. Craig Johnstone Ambassador (ret) Elizabeth (Beth) Jones Ambassador (ret) Deborah K. Jones Ambassador (ret) James R. Jones Ambassador (ret) Mosina H. Jordan Ambassador (ret) Robert W. Jordan Ambassador (ret)
K
Carol Kalin Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Sid Kaplan Deputy Assistant Secretary of State (ret) Steven Kashkett Senior Foreign Service (ret) Theodore Kattouf Ambassador (ret) Allan J. Katz Ambassador (ret) Richard D. Kauzlarich Ambassador (ret) David J. Keegan Senior Foreign Service (ret) Craig Kelly Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly Ambassador (ret) Stephen R. Kelly Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Barbara Kennedy Senior Foreign Service (ret) Laura Kennedy Ambassador (ret) Susan Keogh Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) David Killion Ambassador (ret) Scott Kilner Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Lawrence J. Klassen Senior Foreign Service (ret) Hans Klemm Ambassador (ret) Michael Klosson Ambassador (ret) John Koenig Ambassador (ret) Mary Ellen Noonan Koenig Senior Foreign Service (ret) Donald W. Koran Ambassador (ret) Ann K. Korky Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Eleni Kounalakis Ambassador (ret) Lt. Governor of California Roland Kuchel Ambassador (ret) Eric A. Kunsman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) June H. Kunsman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Daniel C. Kurtzer Ambassador (ret) Harold Hongju Koh Former Legal Advisor, Department of State Christopher Kojm Former Chairman, National Intelligence Council Jimmy Kolker Ambassador (ret) Karen Kornbluh Ambassador (ret) John C. Kornblum Ambassador (ret) Thomas C. Krajeski Ambassador (ret) David J. Kramer Former Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor Mary A. Kruger Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Lisa Kubiske Ambassador (ret) Elisabeth Kvitashvili Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret)
L
Mark P. Lagon Ambassador (ret) Joseph E. Lake Ambassador (ret) David J. Lane Ambassador (ret) Joyce Leader Ambassador (ret) Barbara A. Leaf Ambassador (ret) Richard LeBaron Ambassador (ret) Michael R Lehnert MG, USMC (ret) Michael C. Lemmon Ambassador (ret) Christopher J. Le Mon Former Senior Advisor, National Security Council Steven J. Lepper Major General, USAF (ret) Barry Levin Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Suzi G. LeVine Ambassador (ret) Jeffrey D. Levine Ambassador (ret) Melvin Levitsky Ambassador (ret) Dawn Liberi Ambassador (ret) David C. Litt Ambassador (ret) Hugo Llorens Ambassador (ret) Carmen Lomellin Ambassador (ret) Edward Loo Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Lewis Lukens Ambassador (ret) Douglas Lute Lieutenant General, USA (ret)
M
Ambassador (ret) Buff Mackenzie Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) John F. Maisto Ambassador (ret) Deborah R. Malac Ambassador (ret) Eileen A. Malloy Ambassador (ret) Steven R. Mann Ambassador (ret) Randy Manner Major General, USA (ret) Nicholas J. Manring Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Edward Marks Ambassador (ret) Niels Marquardt Ambassador (ret) Dana Marshall Senior Foreign Service (ret) Frederick H. Martin Major General, USAF (ret) Carlos E. Martinez Brigadier General, USAF (ret) Vilma S. Martinez Ambassador (ret) Dennise Mathieu Ambassador (ret) Jack F. Matlock, Jr. Ambassador (ret) R. McBrian Senior Executive Service (ret) Deborah McCarthy Ambassador (ret) Jackson McDonald Ambassador (ret) Nancy McEldowney Ambassador (ret) Stephen G. McFarland Ambassador (ret) Kevin J. McGuire Ambassador (ret) James F. McIlmail Senior Executive Service, Defense Intelligence Agency (ret) John F. McNamara Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas E. McNamara Ambassador (ret) John Medeiros Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Joseph V. Medina Brigadier General, USMC (ret) Thomas O. Melia former Assistant Administrator, USAID James D. Melville Ambassador (ret) James Michel Ambassador (ret) Leo Michel Senior Executive Service, Department of Defense (ret) Kevin Milas Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Richard Miles Ambassador (ret) Katherine J.M. Millard Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Henry Miller-Jones Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Gillian Milovanovic Ambassador (ret) David B. Monk Senior Foreign Service (ret) Alberto Mora Former Navy General Counsel David A. Morris Major General, USA (ret) William J. Mozdzierz Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Kevin J. Mullaly Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Peter F. Mulrean Ambassador (ret) Cameron Munter Ambassador (ret) Allan Mustard Ambassador (ret) Desaix Myers Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret)
N
Larry C. Napper Ambassador (ret) James D. Nealon Ambassador (ret) Richard W. Nelson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Susan B. Niblock Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas M. T. Niles Ambassador (ret) Brian H. Nilsson Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Crystal Nix-Hines Ambassador (ret) Edwin R. Nolan Ambassador (ret) Walter North Ambassador (ret) Suzanne Nossel Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State
O
Gary Oba Senior Foreign Service (ret) Karen Ogle Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Eric T. Olson MG, US Army (ret) Richard G. Olson Ambassador (ret) Adrienne S. O’Neal Ambassador (ret) Robert M. Orr Ambassador (ret) Ted Osius Ambassador (ret)
P
Susan D. Page Ambassador (ret) Beth S. Paige Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Larry L. Palmer Ambassador (ret) Alexi Panehal Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Maurice Parker Ambassador (ret) Norma Parker Senior Foreign Service (ret) Michael Parmly Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Lynn Pascoe Ambassador (ret) David Passage Ambassador (ret) Robert Pearson Ambassador (ret) Willard J. Pearson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Edward L. Peck Ambassador (ret) Eric Pelofsky former Senior Director, National Security Council June Carter Perry Ambassador (ret) William Perry Former Secretary of Defense Pete Peterson Ambassador (ret) James D. Pettit Ambassador (ret) Nancy Bikoff Pettit Ambassador (ret) Laurence M Pfeiffer Former Chief of Staff, CIA Annie Pforzheimer Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John R. Phillips Ambassador (ret) William M. Phillips III Senior Intelligence Officer (ret) Daniel W Piccuta Senior Foreign Service (ret) Thomas R. Pickering Ambassador (ret) Stephen Pifer Ambassador (ret) H. Dean Pittman Ambassador (ret) Joan Plaisted Ambassador (ret) Lynne Platt Senior Foreign Service (ret) Gale S. Pollock Major General, USA, CRNA, FACHE, FAAN (ret) Michael C. Polt Ambassador (ret) Marc Polymeropoulos Senior Intelligence Service, CIA (ret) Karyn Posner-Mullen Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Eric G Postel Former Associate Administrator, USAID Phyllis M. Powers Ambassador (ret) E. Candace Putnam Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret)
Q
Monique Quesada Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret)
R
Azita Raji Ambassador (ret) William C. Ramsay Ambassador (ret) David Rank Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Stephen J. Rapp Ambassador (ret) Scott Rauland Retired SFS officer Charles Ray Ambassador (ret) Evan Reade Consul General (ret) Frankie A. Reed Ambassador (ret) Helen Reed-Rowe Ambassador (ret) Susan Reichle Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Arlene Render Ambassador (ret) Markham K. Rich Rear Admiral, US Navy (ret) Kathleen A. Riley Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Gary D. Robbins Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas B. Robertson Ambassador (ret) Brooks A. Robinson Senior Foreign Service (ret) Harold L. Robinson Rear Admiral, CHC USN (ret) Terri Robl Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Donna G. Roginski Senior Foreign Service (ret) Peter F. Romero Ambassador (ret) Fernando E. Rondon Ambassador (ret) John V. Roos Ambassador (ret) Frank Rose Former Assistant Secretary of State Gerald S. Rose Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Doria Rosen Ambassador (ret) Sara Rosenberry Senior Foreign Service (ret) Christopher W.S. Ross Ambassador (ret) Richard Allan Roth Ambassador (ret) Leslie V. Rowe Ambassador (ret) Stapleton Roy Ambassador (ret) Nancy Rubin Ambassador (ret) Daniel Rubinstein Ambassador (ret) William A. Rugh Ambassador (ret)
S
Melinda D. Sallyards Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John F. Sammis Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Robin Renee Sanders Ambassador (ret) Janet A. Sanderson Ambassador (ret) Andrew H. Schapiro Ambassador (ret) Richard J. Schmierer Ambassador (ret) James Schumacher Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) John M. Schuster Brigadier General, USA (ret) Teresita C. Schaffer Ambassador (ret) Thomas Schieffer Ambassador (ret) Brenda Brown Schoonover Ambassador (ret) Jill Schuker Former Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Deborah Schwartz Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Eric P. Schwartz Former Assistant Secretary of State Stephen Schwartz Ambassador (ret) John F Scott Senior Foreign Service (ret) Kyle Scott Ambassador (ret) Rick Scott Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Stephen A. Seche Ambassador (ret) Theodore Sedgwick Ambassador (ret) Mark Seibel Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Raymond G.H. Seitz Ambassador (ret) Mike Senko Ambassador (ret) Daniel Serwer Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas A. Shannon, Jr. Ambassador (ret) Daniel Shapiro Ambassador (ret) Mattie R. Sharpless Ambassador (ret) John Shattuck Ambassador (ret) David B. Shear Ambassador (ret) William F. Sheehan Former General Counsel, Department of Defense Sally Shelton-Colby Ambassador (ret) Wendy R. Sherman Former Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs A. Ellen Shippy Ambassador (ret) Sandra Shipshock Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Douglas A. Silliman Ambassador (ret) Lawrence R. Silverman Ambassador (ret) Mark Silverman Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Paul Simons Ambassador (ret) John Sipher CIA Senior Intelligence Service (ret) Kristen B. Skipper Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas F. Skipper Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Emil Skodon Ambassador (ret) Kenneth N Skoug Jr. Senior Foreign Service (ret) Walter Slocombe Former Undersecretary of Defense Dana Shell Smith Ambassador (ret) Paul R. Smith Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Alan Solomont Ambassador (ret) Tara D. Sonenshine Former U.S. Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Daniel Speckhard Ambassador (ret) John Spilsbury Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Madelyn E. Spirnak Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Thomas H. Staal Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Derwood K. Staeben Senior Foreign Service (ret) Sylvia G. Stanfield Ambassador (ret) Karin Clark Stanton Ambassador (ret) Donald K. Steinberg Ambassador, USAID (ret) Monica Stein-Olson Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Andrew Steinfeld Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Barbara Stephenson Ambassador (ret) Kathleen Stephens Ambassador (ret) Richard W. Stites Senior Foreign Service (ret) Cynthia Stroum Ambassador (ret) Arsalan Suleman Former Special Envoy to the Islamic Conference Joseph G. Sullivan Ambassador (ret) Howard J.K. Sumka Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Paul R. Sutphin Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) William L. Swing Ambassador (ret) Christopher J. Szymanski Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret)
T
Strobe Talbott Former Deputy Secretary of State Mary Tarnowka Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Francis Taylor Brigadier General, USAF (ret) Former DHS Under Secretary Paul D. Taylor Ambassador (ret) Richard W. Teare Ambassador (ret) Mary Jane Teirlynck Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Mark Tesone Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Patrick H. Theros Ambassador (ret) Harry Thomas Ambassador (ret) Daphne Michelle Titus Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Mark Tokola Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Kurt W. Tong Ambassador (ret) Gregory F. Treverton Former Chair, National Intelligence Council Michael S. Tulley Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Andrew Turley Major General, USAF (ret) Robert H. Tuttle Ambassador (ret)
V
Michael H. Van Dusen Senior Congressional Committee Staff Member (ret) Alan Van Egmond Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Elizabeth Verville Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Alexander Vershbow Ambassador (ret) Melanne Verveer Ambassador (ret) Philip L. Verveer Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Shari Villarosa Ambassador (ret)
W
David G. Wagner Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Marcelle M. Wahba Ambassador (ret) Edward S. Walker Ambassador (ret) Howard K. Walker Ambassador (ret) Jenonne Walker Ambassador (ret) Jake Walles Ambassador (ret) Mark S. Ward Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Mary Burce Warlick Ambassador (ret) John Warner Senior Foreign Service (ret) Thomas S. Warrick Former Deputy Assistant Secretary, Department of Homeland Security Alexander F. Watson Ambassador (ret) Linda E. Watt Ambassador (ret) Earl Anthony Wayne Ambassador (ret) Janice M. Weber Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) William Weinstein Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Alice G. Wells Ambassador (ret) Melissa Wells Ambassador (ret) Mark Wentworth Senior Foreign Service (ret) Joseph W. Westphal Ambassador (ret) Former Under Secretary of the Army Bruce Wharton United States Ambassador (ret) Pamela White Ambassador (ret) Thomas J White Senior Foreign Service (ret) Jon A. Wiant Senior Executive Service (ret) Bisa Williams Ambassador (ret) Molly Williamson Senior Foreign Service (ret) Ashley Wills Ambassador (ret) Jonathan M. Winer former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Timothy E. Wirth Former Undersecretary of State Frank G. Wisner Ambassador (ret) John L. Withers II Ambassador (ret) Tamara Cofman Wittes Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of State John S. Wolf Ambassador (ret) Kevin Wolf Former Assistant Secretary of Commerce David T. Wolfson Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Burke M. Wong Attorney-Advisor, Department of Justice (ret) Mark F. Wong Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Brooks Wrampelmeier Senior Foreign Service (ret)
Y
Kenneth Yalowitz Ambassador (ret) Susumu Ken Yamashita Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) John Yates Ambassador (ret) Mary Carlin Yates Ambassador (ret) Frank Young Senior Foreign Service Officer, USAID (ret) Johnny Young Ambassador (ret) Thomas M. Young Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Marie L. Yovanovitch Ambassador (ret) Alan Yu Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Joseph Y. Yun Ambassador (ret)
Z
Uzra Zeya Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Jane Zimmerman Senior Foreign Service Officer (ret) Peter D. Zimmerman Senior Executive Service (ret) James Zumwalt Ambassador (ret) Peter B. Zwack Brigadier General, US Army (ret) David Zweifel Ambassador (ret)
